Objective: Passive architectural design, a trend emphasizing the reduction of fossil energy consumption and the use of local and regional architectural patterns, is today considered an important approach in contemporary architecture. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is one of the coldest regions of the country and its center, Shahrekord, due to its geographical location, in the colloquial term "Iranian Roof", has a high ability to absorb solar thermal radiation. This city has 4 introverted historical houses, the optimal example of which can inspire contemporary architects towards passive design.
Method: To achieve the research objective, the research method was a mixed quantitative and qualitative method. For the analysis, ANSYS Fluent software was used, in which the samples were applied to the average temperature of the inner walls of the central courtyards. Based on the ten-year statistics of the Meteorological and Hydrological Organization of this province, the two months of January and July are known as the most critical months of the year, so the analysis of the samples was carried out in these two months.
Results: The results show that sunlight and wind influence the average temperature of indoor spaces, and changing the orientation of the yard has a significant impact on this value.
Conclusions: The results show that the Mortazavi house has the highest temperature and the optimal sample in terms of orientation and proportions in winter with an average wall temperature of 16/74^¡ Celsius with a courtyard proportion of 1.30 and an orientation of 50 degrees to the south (Table 3). Also, the Azadeh house has the lowest temperature and the optimal model in summer with an average wall temperature of 29/00^¡ Celsius, a yard ratio of 1.3, and an orientation of 8 degrees to the south (Table 4). In future studies, it is suggested that the optimal sample be simulated and compared with different materials in the software environment and appropriate materials be introduced.