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Showing 114 results for Housing
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Volume 28, Issue 127 (10-2009)
Abstract
Rural architecture of Iran from the point of view of functional nature and meeting human needs of popular activities, production elements and environment form a harmonious and organized collection with special physical nature that is a representation of contacts, functions and multi-functional role of spaces. Design, technology, and the method of rural housing construction, dimensions, proportions, scale and conformity with inside and outside conditions of residential unit, all indicate the rate of effect and strengthening the human relations with facilities, natural environment conditions and requirements that has revealed experimentally and over time in the form of principles, measures and quantities in spatial structure of housing. The article aims at dealing with present rural housing pattern in the city and the influential factors in their development and strategies for compilation of optimum housing pattern for rural dwellings regarding the modern needs, natural and climate features of the region. The research method was descriptive-survey and through library and documentary study, theoretical basics were adopted and the complementary information was completed by interview, questionnaire and field observations.
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Volume 28, Issue 127 (10-2009)
Abstract
Housing indicators maybe the most important and the most fundamental factor in housing planning. Considering the housing social indicators in one of the approaches to understand housing characteristics, with which can be discover the effective parameters in the housing issue and facilitate any decision making in housing planning.
This paper identifies with a view to the role of the social variables in the planning of housing development, certain quality variables (facilities, construction material and fuel) which have been relevant to explain housing development planning in the Iranian provinces. The methodology in this paper is descriptive and analytical. The statistical sample is the country provinces' existing housing through which the statistical data has been studied and analysed by using HDI. This paper aim to determine the level of the country provinces from the perspective of social indexes of housing.
How good the Iranian provinces are developed in housing? These variables suggest categorization of the Iranian provinces into four classes of highly deprived, deprived, developing and developed. The result shows the poor quality of the housing in those provinces and in turn requires adequate attention to be spent by public planners in provision of necessary and subordinate housing services, facilitating public access to such services and social justice.
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Volume 29, Issue 129 (3-2010)
Abstract
The concept of housing is an issue in this article. Recognize the importance of this difference between the Muslims architecture and Islamic architecture is effective. Therefore authors use religious sources such as verses and discourse and trying to have making religious background to achieve. Article has been based on analysis description. Authors realized that Islamic texts about architectural terms and indexes that are before the draw housing in the area to set the single city to cover housing and the human role in the mass describes to human skeletal mass. Moderation, soul Favorites, orders that the arbitration framework the Hidden Posts notice be cause.
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Volume 29, Issue 129 (3-2010)
Abstract
Housing indicators maybe the most important and fundamental factor
in housing planning. Consideration of housing social indicators in one of the approaches to understanding housing characteristics which can lead to the discovery of effective parameters of housing issue and can facilitate any planning or making decision for housing.
The aim of this article is to study the situation of the social quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in rural areas of Ahvaz County.
The methodology used in this article is a combination of descriptive, analytical method and case study.
The results of the consideration and comparison of housing social indicators in rural areas of Ahvaz County within the years of 1996 to 2006 shows there are problems in terms of social quantitative indicators of housing and unbelievable bad conditions (density of family per dwelling, density of persons per room and density of persons per dwelling). But from view point of social qualitative indicators of housing (average building area of dwellings, construction materials), ownership, the way of ownership of housing, infrastructure facilities and basic services of housing units have had a relative developing trend.
Therefore, housing planners and authorities should pay special attention to the importance of social indicators in improving the citizen's housing quality on the one hand and deal with the housing problems in connection with all related factors, both quantitative and qualitative on the other hand. Hence, it lies upon the housing planners and authorities to consider the social indicators in housing development plans with overall view, fundamentally and with more serious attention.
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Volume 29, Issue 131 (12-2010)
Abstract
The concept of "house" as a family residential center has been treated differently in various times and places depending on residents' expectations and responses. Meanwhile, rural housing not only is a place for living, but also provides necessary spaces for work and production, all gathered in a certain area. However, in the historical village of Abyaneh the concept of house, locally called "Kaya", totally differs from the general understanding of familiar mentioned rural housing. Thus the Kaya is not just a closed and bounded area within four walls. Rather for Abyanehians, house is not merely a room for dwelling, sleeping, cooking, settling, entertaining guests and setting necessities of life, but in fact a combination of some spaces dispersed among or even around the village. Abyanehian families make their bread in the public bakery. They store their equipment, supplies and foodstuff in a room far from their residence. Their fireplace may be located out on the side of alley. Their animals are kept in a shelter in some other part of the village. The farming equipment and husbandry requirements, timber and firewood are stocked in a hand-excavated space called "Kande" on a mountain slope, out of the village. Thus a “combination” of all of these different spaces means the “house” for them.In other words, the group of these detached and spread spaces among the village which belongs to a family forms the "Kaya" or house. From this point of view, an Abyanehian family wherever posses or builds a new space, is expanding his house. This life style has established a most complicated law and regulation system of ownership in the village, which is still ongoing and alive.In this article the concept of "house" is described through considering the life style of abyanehian people, their daily activities and spatial needs. For this purpose, a very precise plan was surveyed from the village's fabric and its different functions. Also plans of more than 60 residential units and some building blocks were provided. At long last, the concept of "house" has been inspected by verifying people's life and various spaces of their houses. Understanding the concept of Abyanehian house leads to have a right perception about this special and complicated type of settlement and its specifications. This might be helpful in probable future physical interventions not only in this village but also in other rural settlements.
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Volume 29, Issue 131 (12-2010)
Abstract
The scope of the present study is the determination of the Energy Efficiency National Building Codes position in the upgrading process of rural housing, and the formulation of fundamental key points for an easy and appropriate application of the related codes in the construction process.
Nowadays, the importance of Energy Efficiency in buildings has become a clear priority for specialists, directors and ordinary people, and a considerable effort for the dissemination has been elaborated. Most of the specialists agree that this will be the key factor for the Sustainable Development of the Building Construction Industry. In this regard, in the last decades, taking into consideration the environmental issues and the limitation of energy resources, in most of the countries, the energy efficiency of the building sector has become a top priority in building codes.
Regarding the multiplicity of influencing factors in energy saving, and taking into consideration the important differences between rural and urban housing, in design and construction phases, it is necessary to prepare rural codes with a different approach. It is obvious that clear codes adapted to rural housing expectations can’t be obtained, if there is no precise and sufficient knowledge about the existing situation in such regions.
In this paper, thanks to the experiences of foreign energy efficiency codes, taking into consideration major topics in energy codes, and existing restraints in design and construction, the structure of the energy efficiency regulation for rural buildings has been proposed.
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Volume 29, Issue 132 (12-2010)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate macro policies of housing in pre-post revolution in Iran. Compare their strength, weakness, common and different points. The method of the study is historical-analytical. The issue of housing was not problematic before decade of 1950’s. After 1950’s the issue of housing has become problematic, due to the economic situation rotation in order to expand montage industries in the country, which can be addressed to deployment of slum in Inner and squatter settlements in outskirt of cities with increase in the density of residential units with low quality of housing. The housing policies also lead to immigration of villagers to urban areas and extrapolation growth. This situation has resulted that in the third National Development Plan (1964-68) the problem of housing was particulary considered. The statistic shows that every national plan in pre or post Islamic Revolution of Iran have its own weak and strength points, such as lack of essential and functional tools. This shortcoming causes a gap between objectives and functions in each era. The other problems in the housing program that we can encounter in each era are the generality of these programs. Therefore, proposing and implementaing of housing policies in the previous decades have shown inability of housing planning discipline which resulted from lack of comprehensive housing management discipline in theoretical, experimental and implementation areas. So the following strategies can modify the problems of housing in some extend.
1- To strengthen the comprehensive planning of housing, theoretically and the necessity of public participation in planning and implementation
2- Being aware of changes in different dimensions of housing with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS)
3- Optimum land management and preventing the land speculation
4- Using the religious teaching and learning such as endowment and using the endowment land to overcome the housing problems.
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Volume 30, Issue 133 (10-2011)
Abstract
Today’s Housing designs, despite of their positive values and ignorance to its concepts, are in contrast with the real life and environment. In the ideal situation to overcome the deficiencies and defects is through real experiments. While today’s architecture is going in this direction, the indigenous housing rather than disregarding life needs and struggle with geographical variables, is very well aware of originality of life and potential environment which have been form in harmony. Good example of this architecture can be seen in rural houses. This kind of architecture which has relatively fixed and sustainable principles did not change easily. Their changes were often slowly from inside and among the long period time. One of the most important features of the rural architecture is considering the design consistent with people’s natural needs, environment and their routine activities, such as type of livelihood spaces. This type of housing which include the living and working spaces present the attention of the architecture to the people’s life, their needs and the physical space which have been created harmony with the life story of the rural residence. Having consider their life, needs and harmony with the natural environment, has resulted to form different kinds of housing, such as tent, arbor, temporary seasonal and permanent houses. Rural architecture, which include housing or public spaces such as cisterns, refrigerators, wind and water mills, pigeon – house( for plants fertility and growth) reservoir and … are clear instances of people’s life. This is similar to a great encyclopedia showing its builder’s worldviews and knowledge. Paying attention to the villages, rural housing and the architecture which is resulted from the human temperament and natural environment around it, could be an appropriate guide for today’s architects to design rural housing. But to start such an approach needs the knowledge on rural housing phenomenology and a new reference to its essence and identity. Such process is an important step towards understanding and cognition of the total subject and could be conducted to achieve the suitable rural housing principles.
Shahram Pourdehimi,
Volume 30, Issue 134 (10-2011)
Abstract
The purpose of environmental design practice is not only to provide an artistic medium to express themself artistically. Best design solutions and satisfactory design approaches arise from identification of problems and objective orientation toward design issues. This necessitates the identification of users’ needs and concerns in the beginning of the design process, in order to produce desirable and efficient solutions, although it may not always interest designers. Identification of various aspects of design problems includes getting access to the proper knowledge regarding to environment and its constituent parts such as suitable settings and furnishings as well as identification of the activities. This implies that the product of designing buildings and any other physical environments must be based on understanding the human nature and characteristics which means that design need to respond to culture. In fact no design solution can claim perfection, it can only achievable when it is based on the best available information and data at any given moment in time Therefore culture as representative of people - environment interaction, should be regarded as the main area of investigations and it is the subject of change and transformation according to the advances in human knowledge. Design must consider culture and information that leads design process towards achieving appropriate human - environment relationship. This requires to give priority to a comprehensive research, based on the state of the art of related studied, and the most up- to- date available knowledge, rather than to the designer’s personal preferences. Their intuition might form hypotheses which is important for design disciplines to learn.In order to examine the success of a design solution, it is critical for designers to set the goal and objectives in advance to any exploration of ideas and artistic endeavors.
Rahmat Bahrami,
Volume 30, Issue 134 (10-2011)
Abstract
Housing as one of the basic human needs always considered as a priority program in economic development. Growing trend of rural households and the existence of a considerable number of worn – out rural residential units on one hand and low volume production of rural housing on the other hand caused a serious problem to rural housing . This study aimed to evaluate quantitative and qualitative indicators of rural housing in Kermanshah Province, using 15 variables with descriptive - analytical study. The study reveals that the rural areas of Kermanshah in 2006 about 17,779 new residential units were needed. Structure of 43.8 percent of rural housing in Kermanshah Province durable, 33.9 semi durable and 22.2 percent are undurable. More than 74 percent of residential units have less than 100 meters built up area and 25 percent of residential units are more than 25 years old. From Seismicity point of view, it shows that the east of province covers 24% of total area and 19% of population in the province can have very high seismic risk. To prevent effect of natural disasters, it is necessity to improve the status of rural housing, therefore the master plan which was developed. In this regard should be considered.
Saed Mirriahi, Romina Majidi ,
Volume 30, Issue 134 (10-2011)
Abstract
In spite of the speedy process of the urbanization in Iran during the last decades, this country is still known as a rural-urban society. In fact, many of the small cities of Iran, although had some apparent changes, but they are more identical to the villages in respect of socio - economic relations and cultural characteristic. Villages are considered as dynamic inhabitants in socio economic and Physical - Spatial aspects, in which the attitude, interests and ways of responding to needs or confronting with the limited parameters could be witness in the physical construction and formation of the space. Dynamism has required permanent and at the same time, slow changes in the village structure. Paying attention to the effective parameters in the formation and process of the rural life, these changes may be deemed as the secret of village development in the future. Village architecture in Iran for the purpose of its functional nature and responding to the human needs, popular activities, production and environmental elements may be deemed a homogeneous set of relations, functions and multifunctional role of their spaces. The village of Sangan is not an exception to the rule, and its entirety consists of a set of elements, which may be understood by a logical relationship between the set of activities, behaviors and Physical of the village in a structured form. The structure of Sangan is formed and grown during an organic process based on the interaction between the natural and human factors. The context and housing of the Sangan village is under the effects of this process and formed by the local architects. Sangan is in the outskirts of the Kan District, which is located in the north – west of Tehran County. Having consider its location, which is near the capital, the interference conducted in its architecture and Texture during the recent years The formulation of models and regulations of design, construction development of Texture and housing is based on the indigenous structure which may be fruitful in the stabilization of its physical identity.
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Volume 30, Issue 135 (12-2011)
Abstract
Rural settlements as the oldest kinds of human communities were established and developed in some spatial portions, with water and fertile soil available, following a change in living and livelihood style based on agriculture and related activities. The prevailing living style in these human centers represents their function in that region and it also influences their texture, physical state and the forms of rural houses. These villages to survive along with the execution of the reconstruction projects, they require to change the form, frame, physical state and the forms of houses. Occasionally these changes are not so compatible with the living style of these communities. In the applied study, we are to examine the impact of housing reconstruction upon the prevailing economic system for villages in central district of Mamsanni County, applying an analytical-descriptive approach and survey research. The population of the study is composed of small and large villages from which up to 24 villages were selected. The volume of the sample asked from in the study is 230 heads of rural families which have used the loan facilities for reconstruction by Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution. To collect data, the literature and field survey study have been used. Finally, data have been analyzed by using SPSS to answer the posed question. The results indicate that the reconstruction of houses has improved the physical state of the villages along with preserving the beauty and the strength of the building. On the subsistence in the villages, it can be mentioned that about 75 percent of rural people abandoned their custom economic activities due to the incompatibility of some “plans” with the current economic activity in those villages. Therefore, although the housing reconstruction plans provided convenience and some welfare for people, but it has inappreciably changed the living condition and financial status in the rural areas. Who caused the destruction of the enternal structure and evolution of the village population should focus on its vital role and function.
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Volume 30, Issue 135 (12-2011)
Abstract
Nowadays energy conservation in all building sector is one of the basic requirements of the government. It has a dual importance in rural housing because of their shortage in energy sources and family budget in comparison with cities. Low level of life style in rural areas, being far from urban facilities, transportation problems, livelihood shortages and make this necessity multiple. According to the research that had been carried out in “Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution” by the name of “Energy Saving Methods in Rural Housing of Gilan Province”, four climatic zones have been recognized. Shore and plane land zone with moderate and humid climate, High land zone with semi cold and humid climate, Humid Mountainous zone and semi arid mountainous zone with cold climate. In this research it was found that in old rural settlements of Gilan – there was no modern facilities in using mechanical systems, therefore special vernacular strategies for every climatic zone was performed in architecture to provide thermal comfort in building. Some similar local climatic strategies in different zones show that in spite of four climatic zones, there are three architectural zones in Gilan which are: shore / plane land zone, mountainous humid zone, mountainous semi arid zone. These strategies are based on design, materials and construction methods which are supporting thermal comfort inside the house in addition to guard the building from harmful climatic phenomena. Therefore, vernacular architecture of rural housing has provided energy conservation and preserving environment with the lowest use of fossil energy. These characteristics have made the rural architecture of this province an obvious example of sustainable architecture. According to the mentioned field study this article will introduce the climatic zones of Gilan and architectural strategies which have been used in vernacular rural housing in every architectural zone. Then according to this knowledge, the climatic architectural indicators for energy saving in rural housing will be provided for each recognized architectural zones. Research method in this study is based on two different data: 1- The meteorology data of 23 existed meteorology stations in Gilan province. These data will give a prediction of the climatic condition of different parts of the region. The needed data are temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, freezing days and etc. 2- The information of the villages that are far from the meteorology stations. This information is gathered by field study which is used as a complementary for the station data to analyze local climatic conditions and to recognize the climatic zones. Field study data are climatic, geographic and cultural data of 139 selected villages that are gathered by the questionnaire and 80 villages that are gathered from library resources. Finally, climatic indicators are explored for designing low energy rural houses in each architectural zone. This information is provided in two main groups. The first one is the general subjects such as architectural space arrangement, shape and texture of the settlement, buildings’ accumulation, neighborhood conditions, building characteristics, mass and void size and relationship. The other group is the secondary elements such as open, semi open and indoor space characteristics, opening and envelops materials and construction technology of the building.
Abolfazl Ghanbri,
Volume 30, Issue 136 (12-2011)
Abstract
The aims of the present research is to rank, determine levels of development, and measure the area gap between districts and divergence using 37 qualitative and quantitative indicators related to the evaluation of rural housing in counties of East Azerbaijan province in year 2008. The current data have been extracted from a survey administered to find out about housing features in rural in the fall of 2008. The research method is "descriptive-analytical". First, by using factor analysis methods, human development index (HDI), TOPSIS, standard score, and numeric taxonomy, degree of development for each area has been calculated and rank of each area has been specified according to indicators. Then, by using of cluster analysis, rural areas of East Azerbaijan province have been divided into three groups of developed, developing, and less developed.
The results in quantitative methods also reveal some differences in the hierarchy of development levels. For instance, the most developed rural area of counties of province in methods of factor analysis and HDI are Tabriz and Shabestar respectively. While the most deprived ones were Charoymag and Varzgan respectively. Variation is also present in the hierarchy of development levels in standard score, numeric taxonomy, and TOPSIS methods. Therefore, in order to find the optimum answer, mixed method and average of ranks in each method have been used. The results of mixed method for ranking and determining hierarchy of development levels in the province show that Tabriz is the most developed and Varzgan is the most deprived among rural areas of East Azerbaijan province. The results also show that most of the developed rural areas are located near the center of the province or influential areas like Tabriz or Marageh, which is a sign of core-periphery pattern in the development of villages.
Mahdi Zandieh, Pedram Hessari,
Volume 31, Issue 138 (10-2012)
Abstract
Industrial development ,population growth and increase in commutation between cities and villages as well as the mass media and investigation in rural constructions made in the contemporary period, have brought about numerous instances of plans or constructed rural buildings with types of chaos in plan, choice of building system, organs, functional elements and quality of construction and performance. These chaos will be manifested when residents start to operate the buildings, causing their dissatisfaction and can be a factor of creating inappropriate social ,cultural and economic conditions in future. Architecture as a container involving all aspects of man's life, will here cause discontent with an inappropriate realization. Part of this chaos whose results will be more evident at the time of operation ,is ignoring or paying less attention to the goals of frugality in energy consumption and design in harmony with environment and climate which has a surprising effect on the welfare and hygiene of the residents and will influence customs, traditions and life style of the villagers beside economic outcomes. This impacts will eventually damage sustainability and finally the village. Rural sustainable development with economic-social and environmental approaches will be possible by gathering all aspects of the village. In order to establish sustainability in the village ,the outlook should be from part to whole. Considering the subject of this study, housing as a part can act as a whole that if accurately planned and performed ,can be a realization of sustainability and an appropriate step toward sustainable development. Being compiled by studies in available documents, this paper tries to elaborate the factors affecting changes in rural construction and its proper function in village development and take steps in continuing rural housing architecture and as a basic element , cause sustainability in villages by offering appropriate strategies.
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Volume 31, Issue 139 (12-2012)
Abstract
Rural housing loan that are provided for villagers under the name of special rural housing upgrading plan, exert many constraints and obligations in terms of built up area, type of construction materials and design which clearly differentiate these houses from rural traditional ones. Therefore, this loan has positive and negative impacts on economic, social, cultural, physical, and livelihood aspects and to some extent affects the life style, livelihood of the villagers and farmers and their environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes that are made in the life style and livelihood of villagers as a result of implementing special rural housing upgrading plan and using rural housing loan. To do this, a qualitative research method has been used. Thus, the data have been collected via interview, participatory observation and reviewing documents. Families from Aghboraz village in East Azerbaijan province who have used rural housing loan facilities are considered as the basis of analysis.
The result of the study illustrates that rural housing loans have had advantages and disadvantages and they have also had physical, economic, social, and cultural effects on life style and livelihood of the villagers. New houses are completely different from rural traditional ones and lack of specific characteristics of traditional rural houses. The built up area of new houses compared with previous ones has been reduced. One of the consequences of this issue is the tendency to shorten the family size and the separation of married members from family. This will lead to the reduction of agricultural lands and division of them among the children and fragmentation of rural agricultural lands. In new houses, the livelihood spaces have been completely ignored and only the living aspect of the house has been taken into consideration. The removal of livelihood spaces has caused some characteristics of agricultural economy like traditional animal husbandry and rural handicrafts gradually lose their importance in providing a significant portion of the subsistence needs of the villagers. The technology and architecture of new houses have also made some changes in the life of villagers culturally. New housing along with other factors has had important role in luxury life and the influence of consuming society values in the livelihood of the villagers. Nonetheless, new houses compared with traditional ones, due to the use of durable materials and structures against natural disaster bring about mental and emotional relaxation. Attracting investment, creating job, increasing health level, and reducing migration are other positive aspects of new rural housing. Therefore, in developing a comprehensive program in rural housing section, it is suggested that the specific characteristics of rural life like life style, income, and rural culture to be taken into account.
Azizollah Mahdian , Mohsen Sartipipoor ,
Volume 31, Issue 140 (12-2012)
Abstract
The need for housing in villages is different from that of cities' requirements. The most important aspects of planning and measurements in cities is concentrated on solving housing shortage and mostly trying to create balance between supply and demand while the main problem in the villages is something different. In other words, the most challenge that rural housing is facing, is not a balance between supply and demand but it is the phenomenon of bad housing resulting from the lack of suitable strength, erosion, sanitary pollutions for the interference of existing and livelihood spaces in the house and in the meantime, its indigenous designing compatible with their life style according to the location and natural environment.
In this line, effective measures have been taken in the recent 3-4 decades in order to solve above mentioned problems which their explanation and analysis and also the feedback of their results have been found necessary in the current planning, suitable direction of policies, and future planning. This article tries to scrutinize and analyze the rural housing in the past and the present time and strives to find a suitable direction of policy making for provision of rural housing in the country.
The first section of this article refers to an introduction for the necessity of paying attention to the rural housing in Iran and investigating the characteristics of the previous ones. The second section considers the current situation of rural housing in Iran through investigation and assessment of sample data of the years 82 and 87. In this section, the rural housing of Iran is taken into consideration on the basis of four important aspects: skeleton (strength and amount of space), welfare and comfort facilities, the role of livelihood activities in housing and its economic position, and environmental feature. The assessment and analysis of sample data illustrates the difference of characteristics contained in housing situation among the provinces and if interacted with other effective factors and components in planning of suitable rural housing, could play a determinant role in solving the needs of this section. The final section by emphasizing on the variety of architecture, technology and concluding the natural difference of housing in different regions, proposes "adoption of regional approach proportional to the rural identity and emphasis on the workshop property of such housing through fortifying the livelihood spaces in housing planning", as the most important present priorities in housing provision.
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Volume 31, Issue 140 (12-2012)
Abstract
Housing poverty is not merely a single dimensional issue, but it has multi dimensions in Iranian rural society. In this regard, housing poverty and its overcoming priorities in Iranian rural society are investigated in this study applying a multidimensional approach to housing poverty. In this context, various qualitative housing indicators, poverty indexes and ranking technique by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were applied to Iranian rural households’ survey data published by the Iranian Statistical Center in 2008 and include economic and demographic information on 19707 households. Results indicate that housing poverty is predominated on the majority (99.980%) of rural households. The most coverage of housing poverty in the Iranian rural society is related to safety dimension (99.812%). Then, utilities and equipments dimension and sewerage system dimension are located and finally, density dimension has the lowest proportion of headcount ratio (12.919%). According to this, insecurity is approximately an epidemic phenomenon among rural households. The poverty gap index indicated that the depth and quality of housing poverty is such that on average the rural households deprive from accessing to almost two-fifth of housing indicators. The poverty gap index in the field of housing security dimension is equal to 83.906%. It shows that the level of accomplished attempts to provide housing security in Iranian rural society is very slight. The rate of poverty gap in utilities and equipments dimension (5.599%) indicates that the depth of housing poverty in this housing dimension is very low, so that rural households have, on average, about 95% of housing furniture and facilities. Therefore, it can be inferred that although based on headcount ratio, the vast majority of rural households (85.934%) do not have completely access to furniture and housing facilities, but based on the poverty gap ratio, the effort of households is on their access to this collection of housing furniture and facilities to reach the highest possible level. The depth of this depriving based on poverty gap index is such that rural households, on average, are excluded from about a quarter of facilities of sewerage system. In the field of density dimension, the poverty gap index is equal to the headcount ratio. So, it can be found that the limitation amount of residential space in rural households is equal to one room per each residential unit, on average. Finally, based on the findings, providing physical security and housing insurance, improving residential density, and providing water network for rural households are the most important strategies to capture housing poverty in these areas
Mis Atefeh Jaferi, Mr Hosain Mahdavi Pour,
Volume 32, Issue 141 (5-2013)
Abstract
Unfortunately, in spite of the rapid progress in knowledge and capability of engineering and technology, none of them could help the rising in quality of spaces and architectural values commensurate with modern life. In such a way that the modern architectural attributes have transformed to single dimensional, meaningless and their quality is identical. In addition, the technology has caused, (unlike the cultural, regional, and vernacular differences which are present in the environment) the building in different parts of a country to look alike and have no major variation in design. This has caused a reduction in quality and, has made spaces less satisfying and pleasant and quality are willing to go away. While paying careful attention to traditional Iranian houses which are constructed based on vernacular technology we will find out that by using this kind of technology at each and every corner of the house we could make different quality and circumstances all over the house depending on desired application of that space.
One of the ways to achieve these lost qualities is referring to construction methods and technologies. And by considering their detail, material, and also both compatibility and combination, optimal qualities of the contemporary houses would be accomplished. These qualities in vernacular Iranian architecture have been emerged which by paying attention to, we can use them in designing of housing today. Thus, in this article with an exploratory study in relation with the main issue, Bum, The technology and vernacular architecture are discussed and in the continuation, the potentials of vernacular technologies and effect of them on space are examined.
This article by recognizing the potentials of vernacular architecture which are hidden in vernacular technology, is trying to propose various methods in order to achieve designing of spaces with high quality and Iranian identity. Furthermore, this paper wants to answer following questions in general route of the article:
- What are the Potentials of constructional technologies which are effective on the quality of Iranian housing space?
- What is the relationship between technology and space quality? And what amount of undesirability of space quality is related to technology?
- Could promotion of identity and the quality of Iranian dwellings be caused by using the potentials of vernacular technology and construction methods?
Eventually, taking into account all these factors, we will reach the conclusion that, technology is one of the principal elements in increasing quality of designing Iranian house and these methods which are mentioned briefly in this paper must be considered.
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Volume 32, Issue 141 (5-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
After the Islamic revolution occurred in early 1980s in Iran, planning for improving of accommodation in rural areas became one the most important concerns for the Iranian governments due to incommensurate and substandard housing in rural areas and several development plans were employed. Therefore, rural access to financial resources is one of the major categories that can lead to sustainable development in rural communities and since the third development program, the government has spent these funds on the villagers and has given the micro-credit to them in great scale to achieve this goal, but the question is “how much did these funds improve the life quality in rural areas?". This note aims to provide procedural information, additional to that contained in the Council’s adopted SPG on affordable housing, on making an application for planning permission for local needs affordable housing in or adjacent to villages by Housing Improvement Funds.
In the present study several ideas such as the micro-credit funds, have been studied on the Improving of rural life quality in four dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the credits on above dimensions. data collection method used in the study was “library and field method” (questionnaires, interviews and observation). Data collection methodology was descriptive-analytical research (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Friedman test, linear regression, correlation of coefficient and Willcoxon test). The sample size consists of rural households of villages with above 20 households in rural area of Mo'jezat county that received micro-credit from 2005 to 2011, and the project covered about 1428 households that were selected using classification and probability sampling. Cochran method was used to determine sample size and it was estimated to be 225 household .Among the 4 factors examined in this process, the most important factor was the physical aspect or the obtained results in this research show that the micro-credit has the most effect on the physical aspect and the least effect on the economic and indicators indices
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