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Landslide risk zoning and spatial instability analysis of rural settlements in Nahavand country using the LNRF model
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Ali Akbar Sarmadi Seifi *   |
| Rural Development Studies Center, Natural Disasters Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. , sarmadi232003@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (1118 Views) |
Objective: This study uses the Landslide Nominal Risk Factor (LNRF) model within a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework to investigate the factors influencing landslide occurrence and provide a spatial analysis of rural settlements. The study area is located in the southern part of Hamadan Province, within Nahavand County. Geologically, it lies across the Sanandaj–Sirjan and Zagros imbricated zones.
Method: The research began with field surveys and a review of library and documentary sources to identify landslide events in the region. A total of 42 landslides were documented and analysed. Subsequently, maps of environmental factors, including lithology, climate, tectonic structures, slope, slope aspect and land use, were prepared. Each factor was overlain with the distribution of documented landslides to assess the relationship between environmental conditions and landslide occurrence. To zonate the landslide hazard, the LNRF model was employed, integrating six key environmental factors: lithology, land use, rainfall, distance from major tectonic faults, slope and slope aspect. The hazard map was then classified into three categories: low, moderate and high risk.
Results: The 42 identified landslides were used to validate the model by calculating the nominal risk factor for each parameter. The resulting hazard map showed that around 24% of the study area was in the high-risk zone. Within this zone, 34 rural settlements are directly exposed to landslide hazards. The high-risk areas are primarily concentrated on the northern slopes of Garin Mountain. These slopes are characterised by gradients of 15–30 per cent, unconsolidated and landslide-prone surface deposits (mainly clay), proximity to springs and drainage networks, and closeness to structural features such as faults. These factors collectively increase the terrain's susceptibility to slope failure.
Conclusions: The results indicate a strong correlation between the locations of past landslide events and the high-potential zones on the hazard map. This confirms the effectiveness of the LNRF model in landslide susceptibility assessment when applied within a GIS framework. Furthermore, the findings emphasise the vulnerability of rural settlements located in hazardous areas, highlighting the importance of land use planning and risk management strategies to mitigate potential losses. |
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| Keywords: Landslides, GIS, LNRF model, hazard zonation, rural settlements, Nahavand, Hamadan Province. |
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Full-Text [PDF 1401 kb]
(46 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
سکونتگاههای شهری و روستایی
Received: 2024/04/21 | Accepted: 2025/07/12 | Published: 2025/12/21
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