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Showing 4 results for Social Resilience
Parviz Piran, Prof Saeedeh Asadi, Mis Nikoo Dadgar,
Volume 36, Issue 157 (6-2017)
Abstract
In recent decades, “social resilience” and “resilient society” concepts have been rendered integral concerning disaster risk reduction, disaster response as well as Post-Disaster reconstruction programs success with respect to public participation. This study attempts to examine the concept of social resilience and its efficacy in successful reconstruction process after an earthquake. This paper seeks to identify effective factors of social resilience as an indicator in two communities that have been hit by the 1385 Lorestan earthquake in Iran evaluating their social resilience. In addition, it is further investigated whether or not such indicator may contribute to leave out the temporary housing phase, accelerating reconstruction programs after the earthquake. Darb-e-Āstāne and Bābā-Pashmān villages were selected as case studies located in Silakhor plains of Lorestan province. Social capital and unity, social network integrity, social and economic consistency of the communities before the earthquake and finally the severity impact factors are among the key indicators in determining rehabilitation success after an earthquake. These factors also found to be effective in the emergence of resilience in rural communities. The data were collected via documentary research, semi-structured interviews. According to research questions, four hypotheses in the form of four main indicators and eleven sub-indicators such as, level of social resilience, social capital, adaption capacity, success of the reconstruction programs, shock absorption capability, community capacities, the social infrastructures, indigenous knowledge, local skills, and type of reconstruction programs and procedures of responsible organizations were developed. Correspondingly, 23 measures including sense of place, level of trust in others, religion and common beliefs, the ultimate satisfaction of reconstruction, earthquake awareness, public participation in social groups, self-sufficiency in housing etc. These are provided through field survey, site observations as well as in-depth interviews with the people and local authorities and have been put in test by a combination of qualitative and quantitative strategies for data analysis. Based on the results of Community Resilience Capacity researches, the ability to absorb earthquake shocks is integral. This is closely tied with sociological characteristics and norms that are found within indigenous knowledge of Lorestan rural communities as part of the social capital based on the findings of this study. As a result of this study it may be advisable to skip temporary post disaster housing in reconstruction programs for a more efficient and faster recovery. In addition, the procedure of programs and their implementation by the authorities were influenced in formation of social cohesion and relations among affected people. Furthermore, the results of social resilience evaluation of these two villages were estimated to be relatively high and close to each other.
Davood Kazemi, Alireza Andalib,
Volume 36, Issue 158 (9-2017)
Abstract
Natural hazards, like earthquake and floods, have often resulted in sever financial impact and human losses in the country. Current arrangements in disaster management of the country, however, have presented a passive approach towards disaster management or adopt appraoches that are focused on the built environment. This research seeks to develop a model for assessing the social resilience of human settlements and local communities in dealing with risks and potential shocks. In order to test the model, social resilience in five rural settlements of the Eghbal Gharbi region of Qazvin are assessed.
As the first step, the authors investigate the concept of resilience and the place of social factors in the social development of rural settlements and their role in the resilience of these settlements in regards to disasters. A set of indicators is extracted from the literature for measuring social resilience in rural settlements. In the second step, a model for analyzing social resilience is developed. On this bases, data on spatial and non-spatial data is collected by using questionnaire and field observation. Non-spatial data is obtained through structured questionnaire designed on the Likert scale in regards to 21 socio-economic and cultural indicators. As the final step, using inferential statistical tests and analytical methods and employing spatial analysis tools, social resilience in 5 selected village in West Eghbal in Qazvin province is measured.
The research findings suggest a low level of social resilience in the surveyed rural settlements in Qazvin province. No significant difference was found between the studied rural settlements in terms of social resilience.The level of social resilience in total is calculated 43% in the selected villages. The correlation analysis on different dimensions of social resilience indicate a relatively high correlation between inner dominant indicators. Furthermore, in analysing internal consistency and correlation coefficient for resilience, a high level of correlation was found between social resilience and all dimensions of resilience.
To conclude, based on the results of this research the level of social resilience considering its different dimensions has never been ideal in the surveyed rural settlements. On this basis and in the case of a future disaster, these rural settlements will face serious challenges regarding social dimensions of resilience.
Mohsen Sartipipour, Saeedeh Asadi ,
Volume 37, Issue 161 (6-2018)
Abstract
The quality of human-environment relationship is one of the most important issues in reconstruction after disasters. This quality, however, is often neglected because of prioritizing other reconstruction problems, especially physical reconstruction. Relocating affected rural communities following earthquakes for reducing vulnerability often affect the sense of place and subsequently affects social resilience. The main reason is ignoring the existing rural structures in relocation programs and paying attention to physical dimensions only. There is no consensus on the concept of ‘sense of place’ after relocation and reconstruction However, and because of the importance of maintaining and building social resilience in reconstruction programs, in this paper the role of relocating and sense of place in Dahouiyeh rural community after the 1383 Zarand earthquake and its impact on social resilience is studied. Using an exploratory lens, the paper adopts a causal-comparative approach and a mixed method. The data was collected through field observation, semi-structured interviews with reconstruction officials, local informants and village administration. Furthermore, we used questionnaires to compare the level of resiliency and sense of place in two different communities currently living in one town; one with a forced relocation from Dahouiyeh and the initial community living in the town. Sampling strategy was stratified random and the number of samples from each community was calculated according to their population. Based on the Cochran formula, 47 samples were selected for the research; 20 from relocated villagers and 27 from the initial residents of the town. According to the findings, in spite of passing 12 years after the earthquake, a desire to return to the home village and a reduction of the life expectancy in relocated villagers indicates a loss of sense of place. This problem has been caused by issues such as the disappearance of group norms and public place; flaw in people networks; separation from valuable environmental elements to which community were attached, ignoring the potential role of natural landscapes and inappropriateness of the built and housing condition in relation to the climatic and social condition and activities of rural households. In comparison with villagers, who along with the continuous flow of life, had free choice in selecting and creating their social and physical surrounding, a reduction in the level of social resilience was revealed in forced relocated community. It seems that the problem of losing a sense of place in relocated villagers can be overcome through joint efforts of the initial community, who has a higher level of social resilience and sense of place, and through activities such as community ceremonies, strengthening community relationships and integrated social participation and creating public place, along with improving the rural natural landscape.
Hosein Hatami Nejad, Ahmad Pourahmad, Kooshiar Zebardast,
Volume 39, Issue 171 (12-2020)
Abstract
Due to the increase in the occurrences of natural disasters in cities and the resulting casualties and socio-economic and physical damages, the local authorities are attempting to find approaches and adopt policies to increase the resilience of cities in order to withstand these calamities. Resilience, therefore has become one of the important issues to attend in order to minimize the vulnerabilities of cities. District 9 of Tehran Metropolis, because of the presence of some of the important city infrastructures in it, is selected as a case study to assess the different domains of social resilience of the different neighborhoods of this district, their spatial distribution, and also to find out if there exist differences in the levels of the social resilience among the neighborhoods of this district. Through a thorough review of related literature and taking into account the special condition of the District 9 and also the Tehran Metropolis, five domains of social resilience; namely Social Capital, Social Values, Social Structure, Social Equity and variety, and Social beliefs and Culture were extracted. The indicators depicting these different domains were also extracted from the literature. A questionnaire containing 32 questions was designed to collect the needed data for evaluating the applicability the extracted conceptual framework for assessing the social resilience of the neighborhoods and the district 9 of the Tehran Metropolis. Stratified random sampling was used to identify the number needed questionnaires to be sampled. Systematic sampling was used to collect the 106 questionnaires required for the purposes of this study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract the underlying factors of each social resilience domain and to identify their corresponding indicators. The findings of study show that the social capital domain of social resilience is composed of three factors: Social cohesion, Social support, and Social participation; the social values domain is composed by three factors of the Sense of Belonging to the Community, Social Awareness, and Social Capability; the social structure of the domain is composed of three factors: Community Dynamism and Empowerment, Population Structure, and the Level of Education; Social equity and variety domain is composed of three factors: Access to Safe and Secure Space in times of disaster, Access to Basic Services, and Access to Educational Services; Social beliefs and culture domain is composed of two factors: Social Beliefs and Social Culture. Each of these factors are represented by a number of indicators. A composite social resilience index was computed to assess the level of social resilience of each neighborhood. In order to find differences in the level of social resilience among the 7 neighborhoods that comprise the District 9 of the Tehran Metropolis, a one-way ANOVA was used. The results of the study show that, in terms of social resilience, there exist no difference among the 7 neighborhoods of the district 9; social resilience in the neighborhoods of the district is very low and the two domains of social equity and variety, and social beliefs and culture have are very low in these neighborhoods.
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