Journal of Housing and Rural Environment
مسکن و محیط روستا
JHRE
Art & Architecture
http://jhre.ir
1
admin
2008-4994
1588-2615
8
10.22034
14
fa
jalali
1399
3
1
gregorian
2020
6
1
39
169
online
1
fulltext
fa
چالشهای نظام مدیریتی اسکان موقت پس از سوانح در ایران
(از زلزله 69 گیلان ـ زنجان تا زلزله 96 کرمانشاه)
Challenges of Management System in Temporary Accommodation after Natural Disasters in Iran
From Gilan-Zanjan Earthquake (1990) to Kermanshah Earthquake (2017)
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بحران مسکن ازجمله تبعات اجتنابناپذیر سوانح به دلیل تخریب گسترده است؛ بنابراین مدیریت تأمین مسکن یک بخش مهم در شرایط پس از سانحه است. پس از رخداد سوانح، اغلب سه گام در فرآیند تأمین مسکن تعریف میشود: تأمین اسکان اضطراری که در کشور ما بر عهده هلالاحمر است؛ تأمین مسکن دائم که به طور خاص بر عهده بنیاد مسکن قرار دارد؛ و اسکان موقت. اگر چه اسکان موقت </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یک گام از فرآیند بازسازی جهت اسکان جمعیت آواره و ازسرگیری زندگی تا زمان ساخت مسکن دائم است، </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اما تجربیات گذشته کشور نشان میدهد که اسکان موقت، به عنوان نقطه اتصال اسکان اضطراری به مسکن دائم، چندان پراهمیت انگاشته نشده است. به نحوی که برخی جنبههای آن در کشور ما هنوز متولی، ساختار و فرآیند مشخصی ندارد. این در حالی است که اسکان موقت بر روی فرآیند بازتوانی مردم منطقه سانحهدیده و بازگشت به زندگی عادی نیز مؤثر است. پژوهش حاضر با بررسی تجربیات گذشته اسکان موقت در کشور با روش نمونه موردی به دنبال شناسایی گپهای نظام مدیریتی و حکمروایی فرآیند اسکان موقت در کشور است. </span></span><br>
<span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بدین منظور اطلاعات و مستندات فرآیند تأمین اسکان موقت در زلزله 1369 گیلان و زنجان، زلزله 1382 بم، زلزله 1391 آذربایجان شرقی و زلزله 1396 کرمانشاه از طریق مصاحبه، مطالعات کتابخانهای و </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشاهده مشارکتی</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> جمعآوری شده است. مشخص نبودن مسئول تأمین و اجرای اسکان موقت، عدم تعریف فرآیند خروج از اسکان موقت و بازگشت مردم به مسکن دائم، عدم هماهنگی دستگاههای اجرایی و نبود مدیریت واحد جهت تأمین زیرساختهای موردنیاز اسکان موقت و عدم توجه به مواردی همچون تعمیر و نگهداری مسکن موقت در طول دوران انتقال ازجمله چالشهای مدیریت و اجرای اسکان موقت در کشور است.</span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;">Many countries in the world have experienced different sorts of disasters and consequently have suffered large losses of life and property. After disasters, there are three possible scenarios: in the first scenario, available (current) accommodation is not ruined, as a result no gap will be created; the second scenario declares that the current housing is ruined and the available gap will be filled by reconstruction of permanent housing, and the last scenario states that the current housing is ruined and the available gap will be filled by temporary shelters till the construction of permanent housings are fulfilled.<br>
Our country always has been exposed to different natural disasters. Temporary housing, in some disasters, has been considered as a separate stage in the reconstruction procedures based on the extent of damage, climatic conditions and duration of reconstruction period. Therefore, management of providing accommodation has been regarded as a prominent phase in post-disaster situations.<br>
In our country, providing accommodation after disasters has been described in three steps: The first step, providing emergency shelter, is the responsibility of the Red Crescent Society, the second stage, providing permanent housing, is specifically the duty of Housing Foundation and the last step is temporary housing.<br>
Although temporary housing has been considered as a step in the procedure of reconstruction for displaced people, regarding the resumption of normal life till the time of permanent housing construction, previous experiences declare that temporary housing has been underestimated as the link between emergency and permanent housing. While the crucial role of temporary housing in the procedure of affected residents’ recovery of normal life is so obvious, no definite operator, structure and procedure have been specified so far.<br>
This research has been led examining the previous temporary housing experiences in Iran aiming identification of the managerial and governmental gaps of emergency and permanent shelters. As the case study, data and documentations of temporary housing of 1990 Guilan-Zanjan, 2003 Bam, 2012 East Azerbaijan and 2017 Kermanshah earthquakes have been compiled. The data gathering procedure was accomplished in three phases: (1) studying documents and data in archives and libraries and the operations related to temporary housing; (2) Interviews with well-informed managers of the field; (3) in-field observation of the last two earthquakes. Temporary housing type, locating, preparing the infrastructures, delivering the built temporary units, maintenance and management of leaving the temporary housing have been covered here in this study.<br>
According to the performed research, the most prominent challenge in the temporary housing procedure in Iran is the lack of concrete definition of the term which results in unclear locating of temporary hosuing in the procedure of reconstruction, the lack of regulatory governing systems and lack of precise planning in a manner that not only there is no clear plans for providing homes in transition period, but also the role of different organizations are not clearly defined and responsibilities are decided based on the occurred situation.<br>
The lack of definition ends with chaos, lack of specified scope of responsibilities of each organization in temporary housing as well as lack of coordination between different organizations. Sometimes, items of importance are neglected like maintenance of temporary housing and providing washrooms in transition period.</span><br>
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اسکان موقت, سرپناه موقت, بازسازی پس از سانحه.
temporary housing, temporary shelter, reconstruction after disaster, housing
33
46
http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3046-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mahsa
Bashiri
مهسا
بشیری
100319475328460016430
100319475328460016430
No
Tarbiat Modares University
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
Mohammadreza
Bemanian
محمدرضا
بمانیان
BEMANIAN@modares.ac.ir
100319475328460016431
100319475328460016431
Yes
Tarbiat Modares University
دانشگاه تربیت مدرس