@article{ author = {}, title = {Rural Physical Development and Environmental Conservation}, abstract ={Physical development of villages is a positive and important strategy for rural development. The physical development projects have variety of social- economic- cultural effects. Effects of these projects studied in many investigations and many researchers are published in some journals. Therefore the projects of Physical development in villages are important and have important role in rural planning and therefore in this paper, we studied their function and role on rural development. Thus, principle target of this investigation was study of their environmental dimensions of these projects. The investigative method was documentary. In this paper we used many references that were included some in our references. We also explored that rural housing improvement, building canalization of edible water tube, making, designing and improving of waste burial centers, building of waste drainage, building of cemetery and developing canals for streams have important environmental effects on rural environments. Meanwhile in this paper, we mention the building and improving the rural roads and emphasis that these roads must be compatible with environment, because if these roads design profit the environment and the people, they can be help to villagers for moving easily among regions. These roads can be profit to environment, too. Because they decrease air and soil pollution by facilitating traffic in villages. Parks are profit for villagers’ life because parks make their homes and environment, beautiful and help to clearing air and nature therefore parks are good and profit for environment. Finally land use is important if its focus be on ecological power because it can help to unchanged land use in horticulture and agronomy toward residential uses (for example building home, store…). Although some when it is essential that land use change. It occurs when that rural physical development is our target and these changes are necessary for their life. We should remember to emphasis on the least destroying of nature.}, Keywords = {rural physical development, environment, land use }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {2-15}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Abated Life in Sustainable Villages of Yazd}, abstract ={The word sustainability brings various and expanded concepts to mind. It is certain that reaching the sustainable situation on one side and maintaining it on the other side is a very hard balancing act and time-consuming work at the same time. Too many people and organizations have afforded toward understanding the idea of sustainability, explanation and definition of this word, development and getting it for implementation stage. Opposite of these efforts what is less evident and in some occasions over looked is that being sustainable needs protection, control and inspection of every changing and effective issue which can be put forth from both itself and its surrounding environment. Unfortunately this carelessness causes that villages which are sustainable environments in social-cultural, physical, ecological, areas have come into existence for making coordination and equilibrium between manufactured environment, natural environment and human needs and is known as a sustainable living environment, miss their positive conditions and there not be a special advantage and some of them change to an inhabitable. This negative process increases with lapse of time and complexion of relations and issues and causes very negative changes in socialcultural, economic and physical factors. This article is a notice and reminder for protection of capitals knowing small part of them requires a high price, an extraordinary effort and a long time to recover.}, Keywords = {nature, sustainability, town-garden }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {16-27}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Entrepreneurship and Its Role in the Economic Development of Villages in Iran}, abstract ={Rural development traditionally relies on agriculture. Accordingly, village is known by agriculture and animal husbandry. But, limited natural resources in some villages has caused economic slump. Hence, agriculture development has not resulted in economic development of all villages. Today, villages are suitable environments for the growth of manufacture, services, and in general, for activities other than agriculture. In fact, it is a transition from natural source-based business toward knowledge-based business. The situation of Iran’s villages show that as literacy, knowledge and skills increases, tendency for employment in traditional sectors of economy decreases, and desire for employment in modern sectors increases. However, Iran’s villages, like its cities, are full of unknown opportunities whose on time detection and exploitation, and creating new and competing businesses, would bring with it considerable economic benefits. The present article, studying the characteristics of Iran’s rural society, and existing and emerging trends, tries to offer new employment opportunities, strategies for development and their realization, using new professional forces. In other words, the main questions are that, regarding the population characteristics of Iran’s villages, and the changes in quality of the human forces, especially with the development of higher education, how we can create modern and competing employments along with the traditional ones, what conditions are required for them to be realized. To answer these questions, population characteristics of Iran’s villages were identified using library method, and then suggestions were made regarding the new capacities. According to the findings of the research, changing the nature of employment from traditional to modern, in rural areas, it is possible for new employment opportunities to develop there exist new fields of employment in industrial and service sectors whose structure and facilities need to be organized, and their existing structures need to be strengthened, as well.}, Keywords = {entrepreneurship, technology, strategy, development, village. }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {28-43}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Capability of Distribution of Population in RuralUrban Areas Case study: Northern Khorasan Province}, abstract ={For the best principles of sustainable development we should refer to the beneficial distribution of population and suitable establishment in settlements including country, area and regions in two forms of abilities, capabilities and limitations. Also, sustainable development is reasonable, that is, put sustainable distribution of population and activities in each geography area with a proper management. One of the important ways of operation is correct description of settlement of hierarchical organization of rural-urban in order to classify the relationship between rural and urban. One of the essentials of new regional plans is not only to notice and to describe the hierarchical organization separately, but also in combination with largest cities to the smallest rural areas according to their distribution and operation. On the other hand, agro towns are important as connective rings of hierarchical organization and ranking of rural settlements. These regions are recognized in area ranking and capacity by services and special facilities. So, we can influence the prevention of immigration of rural to city and decrease of the unbalanced areas. The aim of this articles is to recognize and identify rural-cities in north Khorasan for description ranking settlements including urban and rural in the one hierarchical organization with the research method of descriptive-analytical.}, Keywords = {sustainable development, urban hierarchical, ranking settlements, rural-city, North Khorasan }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {44-59}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Elderly Friendly Cities through People Participation}, abstract ={An ideal urban space is the one which urban equity is applied and the all the citizens even vulnerable people can be able to use this space. Senility is a period of life which physical and mental abilities and some advantages diminish. Elderly people are considered to be a part of vulnerable citizens of every city. In case of urban equity applied, older people will be in more welfare. Furthermore, nowadays the majority of young population in cities will end up to be the majority of elderly people in the near future. This highlights a special attention to elderly people needs in urban spaces. Elderly people are very dependent to urban spaces and mobility and social interactions physically and mentally. Urban plans should help people use the streets easily and joyfully. Of course participatory approach and using elderly people comments can lead to better results. So in this study, after presenting theoretical basics and fundamental definitions and analyzing the needs and special specifications of movement and using of urban spaces by elderly people, a successful universal experience based on participative approach done in England has been analyzed and finally, the Adapting Indices for elderly friendly urban spaces based on theoretical and that experience has been presented.}, Keywords = {urban spaces, elderly people, participatory approach, environmental design indices. }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {60-71}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Guidelines of the Environmental Design for the Elderly with Alzheimer Disease}, abstract ={During the 20 th century, all over the world, the population ratio of old people has been increasing due to the reduced birth rate and improved sanitary conditions and increased life expectancy. This is also true for Iran, in which the number of elderly people is increasing. Like all other stages of human life, old age is the stage that everyone will inevitably experience. This stage like the other stages of life has its own special conditions and characteristics. In this stage, people encounter physical and psychological changes and problems. One of the most common diseases and problems of this stage is the Alzheimer disease, which affects the life of elderly people very much. We know that the environment has much affect on people’s behavior and activities. We can increase the quality of elderly people’s presence and self-confidence, in public spaces and special places, by designing a suitable environment for them. In this article, some guidelines and principles in designing environment will be provided to help a suitable environment for a safe, active and independent presence of people with Alzheimer disease.}, Keywords = {elderly, Alzheimer, guidelines in the environment design }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {72-83}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Phenomenological View of Renewal in Urban Life}, abstract ={Central area of cities undertakes significant roles to provide urban public life. In this area commercial and noncommercial activities through a network of transportation are connected to all parts of the city. Diversity of usage and functions in this part of urban areas brings many people from all walks of life. This is the reason central urban areas encompass potency of conversion to very attractive space or vice versa to a critical space. The life of Central areas which are downtrodden and difference of habitants in poverty stricken urban downfall with adjacent urban areas create social problems in the twentieth century in the world. This subject calls for inevitable programmable encounter with area poverty stricken urban areas. In dealing with this issue most developed and underdeveloped countries alike have a view of practicable approaches into encounter with category of urban downfall and try with assumption of methods to transform the central areas to desirable and attractive places in the structure of the city. With such methods and considered mechanisms in this context decrease urban downfall with consider difference of habitability qualification occupies people in down stricken urban downfall quarters. The approach of renewal in urban existence in the end two last decades of twentieth century is one of the approaches that regarded of determinant and urban planners, among the alternatives for urban downfall in region of old textures. Sequel of tense problems in the region of old textures, particularly in the central areas of cities that has impacted various dimensions of urban life, governments attend to region of old textures. This approach of renewal in urban life reflects dynamic and Long-Term view of nature. Renewal in urban existence athwart activities of urban development or create of new towns, is the process that should contain one gradual progress. This paper will try with study main pillar and dimensions of approach of renewal in urban life, evaluate the assessment of this problem, to submit minimum profitable solution for improvement of urban old textures.}, Keywords = {renewal in urban life, partnership, strategic planning, sustainability. }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {84-97}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Unsustainable Physical Development of Cities and Their Vulnerability to Natural Disasters Case study: City of Maku in West Azerbaijan Province}, abstract ={It had been believed, natural disasters in urban areas have less effects than in rural areas. But, now due to changes of urban structure and its organization, they have became more vulnerable to natural disasters. Because of the increase of urban population, urban sprawl and its physical development on dangerous areas, the stabilities of urban areas have been reduced. This study focused on Maku in West Azerbaijan province had been natural disasters such as stone fall and flood, because of spatial geographic position, last years. They made its vulnerability from natural hazards. The methodology of study is analytical-description with natural and field approach, using observation and library study methods. According to the finding of the research, in planning for physical development of Maku, has not pay attention to natural hazards. Furthermore, in planning for sustainable physical development, location of the suitable points to urban development and evaluation of their vulnerability, the survey of natural elements, seat and geographical position of cities, is necessary.}, Keywords = {city, physical development, natural disasters, Maku, West Azerbaijan. }, volume = {28}, Number = {128}, pages = {98-111}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-56-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2009} }