@article{ author = {Mahdian, Azizollah and Sartipipoor, Mohse}, title = {A Review of the Evolutions of Rural Housing Upgrading and the Future Perspective}, abstract ={The need for housing in villages is different from that of cities' requirements. The most important aspects of planning and measurements in cities is concentrated on solving housing shortage and mostly trying to create balance between supply and demand while the main problem in the villages is something different. In other words, the most challenge that rural housing is facing, is not a balance between supply and demand but it is the phenomenon of bad housing resulting from the lack of suitable strength, erosion, sanitary pollutions for the interference of existing and livelihood spaces in the house and in the meantime, its indigenous designing compatible with their life style according to the location and natural environment. In this line, effective measures have been taken in the recent 3-4 decades in order to solve above mentioned problems which their explanation and analysis and also the feedback of their results have been found necessary in the current planning, suitable direction of policies, and future planning. This article tries to scrutinize and analyze the rural housing in the past and the present time and strives to find a suitable direction of policy making for provision of rural housing in the country.  The first section of this article refers to an introduction for the necessity of paying attention to the rural housing in Iran and investigating the characteristics of the previous ones.  The second section considers the current situation of rural housing in Iran through investigation and assessment of sample data of the years 82 and 87.  In this section, the rural housing of Iran is taken into consideration on the basis of four important aspects: skeleton (strength and amount of space), welfare and comfort facilities, the role of livelihood activities in housing and its economic position, and environmental feature.  The assessment and analysis of sample data illustrates the difference of characteristics contained in housing situation among the provinces and if interacted with other effective factors and components in planning of suitable rural housing, could play a determinant role in solving the needs of this section. The final section by emphasizing on the variety of architecture, technology and concluding the natural difference of housing in different regions, proposes "adoption of regional approach proportional to the rural identity and emphasis on the workshop property of such housing through fortifying the livelihood spaces in housing planning", as the most important present priorities in housing provision.}, Keywords = {Housing upgrading, indigenous housing, technical system, regional attitude, workshop houses.}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {3-12}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-545-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Improvement of home quality with Altruistic Element}, abstract ={Home as a place of residence has the most extensive and intimate relationship with the human being. Home is a materialized form of space although its material entity extends beyond spatial dimensions. Aspirations, needs and value systems of the human being are directly affected by the conceptual, non-physical and sometimes humane aspects of homes, which make home a special functional attribute. Home provides a place for sheltering and simultaneously maintains human values. Considering the materialistic aspects of homes without regard to the quality is one of the major causes of emotional and spiritual problems of the contemporary human that segregate home settlers from their innermost needs and make them alienated. The main objective of the present paper is to strive to improve the qualitative aspect of home by directing and harmonizing the holy and the highest desires and requirements. After familiarizing the reader with the concept of residence and the element of altruism, the paper seeks to achieve the true understanding of the qualitative aspect of home through a short review of literature in the field. In this regard, the qualitative aspects of home are divided into social, cultural, emotional, spiritual and physical aspects. Human being by nature has a tendency to perfection. One of these desires is the element of altruism, which will be explained in the present paper. Considering this goal, the way of the altruistic element will be elaborated. There are features that lead home toward being an ideal one and ultimately these features improve the quality of home.}, Keywords = {residence, home, element of altruism, qualitative aspects}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {13-28}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-546-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Solutions for reviving the wind catchers of Aqda village}, abstract ={Aqda is one of the desert villages of Iran which is located in the hot and dry area with a distance of 26 kilometers far from Ardakan Yazd. Since ancient times, the architects of this village have benefited different methods to be compatible with the unfavorable conditions. One of these innovations which is the indication of Aqda village is its one-sided wind catchers. One-sided Wind catchers are considered as one of the engineering masterpieces of Iran which provide suitable ventilation for the building despite heavy dust storms. But by passing time, the capabilities of wind catcher have been gradually forgotten and it is regarded only as a decorative element. One-sided Wind catchers in Aqda are regarded as the main indication of the village and have the role of giving identification to it while being compatible with the hard conditions of the region. Although by passing time, the lifestyles have been changed and in the cities like Yazd, the people have gradually migrated from the traditional texture to the new city, but Aqda΄s traditional texture still exists and the people are living there with different lifestyles compared with the past and benefit from modern ways to have more convenient life. Wind catcher which is the inseparable element of traditional houses of Aqda has gradually lost its functionality and is regarded only as a symbol. Evaporative coolers for their easy usage and inexpensive cost have been substituted with the natural cooling by wind catchers. This article tries to investigate the wind catchers of Aqda from view point of their physical body and functionalities and introduce their unique structure to help their revival. The article focuses on four sectors subject to review: introducing the architectural features in Aqda, introduction of wind catchers, review and compare the physical body and function of one-sided wind catchers in Aqda with four-sided ones in Yazd and the solution of reviving them. Having introduced the structure, function and regional features, some proposals will be presented for improving the function of one-sided wind catchers in order to revive them. To prove the presented proposals, some samples of revived wind catchers have been introduced which have been made in use again based on proposals and are practically a proof of their functionality again. The research is based on field studies, using existing evidences and library sources. This article seeks to answer the following questions: -Do the wind catchers in Aqda supply cooling needs of the inhabitant? - How can one-sided wind catcher be revived? -How can the potential environment and local materials be used to improve one-sided wind catchers?}, Keywords = {Wind catcher, physical body, function, Ventilation}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {29-38}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-547-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Deliberating on Khaje Rashidedin Fazl Allah planning Case study: A review of the Initial creation of Fath Abad village in Tabriz}, abstract ={Khaje Rashidedin Fazl Allah, the Iranian scholar and statesman, is the different illustration and at the same time the distinguished scientific and practical tradition of Iran during the time of Mongol. He thought the acceptance of the position in Ilkhani cabinet would be an opportunity for the revitalization of knowledge and science in Iranian society. The ingenuity and intelligence he showed for the amendment of crisis stricken society of Iran made him the symbol of Iranian resistance against Mongol sovereignty. One of the famous works of this intelligent scientist and statesman which is the most important cultural masterpiece of Iranian history, is planning and foundation of Rashidi county with the capital of Dar-ol Elm Rabe Rashidi in east of Tabriz Dar-ol-Saltaneh. According to the explicit endowment of Rabe Rashidi, this county was founded for the support of science and scientist and all its fundaments including the center, oases and gardens in its environment were all acting to meet such objective. One of the oases located in the green periphery of this county was Fath Abad village. Based on historical documents, its development plan from the beginning of its formation owes to the opinion and effective intervention of Khaje Rashidedin Fazl Allah himself. In order to investigate the ancestry of a village in Iran, Fath Abad has the specialty of having credible information in the reliable sources to be searched about its early development. The present research has been carried out according to this information and based on historical-descriptive method. This research discusses about the physical background of Fath Abad village and in the meantime makes it clear that the plan of the village while following the rural development traditions of that time in Iran has some special characteristics which distinguish it from other Iranian villages. These characteristics were sourcing from two main factors: First, substantial dependence and connection of this village with Dar-ol Elm Rabe Rashidi and second, special measurements which were taken by Khaje Rashidedin for its implementation and termination. The present article is also helpful for recognition of the position and planning of Khaje Rashidedin Fazl Allah}, Keywords = {Land Planning, site selection, Rabe Rashidi}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {39-50}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-548-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Analysis of factors and consequences of Unauthorized Construction in Tehran Province and the solutions to deal with}, abstract ={One of the problems which has overshadowed the urban and rural management and planning system in Tehran province in the past decades is unauthorized constructions. Infraction means any deviation or violation of national laws, plans regulations and instructions. Unauthorized constructions are considered as a kind of infraction which is the subject matter of this article. It intends to investigate the reasons and consequences of unauthorized construction in Tehran province. This issue has several dimensions such as: unique location of Tehran province in the country, benefits and consequences of unauthorized constructions at public and private sector, type and quality of these constructions, social and economic class of the offenders, place of occurrence, type of infraction and inconsistency with the rules and regulations, causes of prevalence and severity of unauthorized constructions in Tehran, how to deal with, relevant figures and statistics etc. Despite the usual limitations of research, this article attempts to analyze, debate and scrutinize in each dimensions of unauthorized constructions by using documentations, experiences and observations of experts in this field. Finally, some suggestions and strategies have been expressed to prevent or reduce this phenomenon in Tehran province.}, Keywords = {Illegal Construction, Unauthorized Construction, Infraction, Urban and rural plans, Urban Planning Regulations}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {51-66}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-549-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-549-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Investigation and Explanation of the Strategic Position of Communication Management in Preservation of Villages’ Environment (Case study: Hamedan Province)}, abstract ={In the present paper, the purpose of the researchers is identification and exact explanation of the heavy responsibility of communication area against agricultural and environmental issues as a synchronous phenomenon. Unfortunately, the important role of communication management and media issues have not been taken into account by the officials and managers in the organizations connected with agricultural and environmental issues. While, the communication management, with its social responsibility as a determinative unit, through adoption of purposeful strategy, cultural enrichment and effectiveness in environment, should come out of its isolation within the organization which the result will be the preservation of precious heritage for the next generation. In case of inattention to the current problem, there will be irreparable outcomes. This problem would be preventable through a little attention on this domain. The methods used for the research are the survey method, participatory observation technique and qualitative interview for collecting data from rural areas. Indeed, the information needed for the research has been obtained through the researcher’s observation from different environment and agricultural lands and interview with Hamedan province farmers and villagers. Five counties including: Kaboodarahang, Bahar, Malayer, Razan and Asadabad which form Hamadan’s main agricultural center, have been selected for the research. In order to get the necessary information, five villages from every county and the average of 10 random samples from every village according to the proportion of population, totally 261 samples for the interview have been chosen. The results indicate that, the weakness of units and communication managements and information in the field of informing and the lack of utilization of other proper communication mechanism by the organizations responsible on the one hand and the lack of essential awareness and reliance on the experience of the predecessors and also considering the short-term interests by the farmers and villagers on the other hand, have caused environmental destruction and lack of proper efficiency and productivity from agricultural lands. Hence, regarding the important role of awareness factor, “communication management" has important role in planning and policy making for environment and agriculture towards preservation and maintenance for the next generation.}, Keywords = {communication management, environmental and agricultural pollution, relevant organizations}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {67-82}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-550-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-550-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Attitudes of rural communities about the physical effects of Second Homes Tourism in the rural area. (Case Study: Babol District in North of IranAbstract)}, abstract ={Second homes are an integral component of tourism in rural and peripheral areas. Attractive rural areas of Northern region in Iran have recently experienced a rapid growth of second home developments. Despite the growth of Second Home Tourism (SHT) in North of Iran particularly over the past 2 decades, there are a few researches about the nature or such effects. Due to theimportance of this phenomenon, this article is likely the first step towards investigating the matter at a local level in the area. The study seeks to examine the perceptions of SHT within local communities on the basis of sustainable development approach. By understanding that SHT has different environmental, social and economic effects, this study is concentrated only on physical effects. The research has been done on the basis of descriptive and exploratory methods. Random sample of 120 individuals (residents and tourists) were selected by using stratified method. But all local administrators who were 6 people, participated in interviews and completed the questionnaires .The data gathered by questionnaires with validity of 0.8 % is reliable. For analyzing the data, descriptive methods by SPSS software has been used. This study has been carried out in Babol district in North of Iran. So in this article the negative and positive effects of second homes from view point of local residents and tourists and rural managers have been discussed. The results show that the second home tourism sector, strongly driven by private real estate investors, fails to generate tourism activities which are expected to sustain community development and it is going far away from traditional pattern of local housing. This study further indicates that municipalities concentrating on the second home tourism segment may deprive access to other forms of tourism activities. The results on the basis of Tukey and Duncan test shows that there are convergence between the positive effects of second homes in the physical structure of villages among managers, tourists and residents. But the greatest divergence is appeared in the opinions about the negative physical effects of the second homes between managers and tourists. So that, unlike tourists, managers believe that the second homes have left more negative physical effects behind on rural areas such as land use changes and commercialization of grasslands and river. Meanwhile the villagers have more positive view about the impacts of second homes tourism but referring to their privacy violations as a negative effect. Finally the findings show that SHT can lead to unsustainable condition by leaving negative effects on physical environment of villages, so applying the land use zoning strategy and design the guidelines for the sustainable development can be useful to achieve rural sustainable development}, Keywords = {Rural tourism, Second homes , Physical effect , Village of Babol, Iran}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {83-100}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-551-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-551-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Rural housing poverty and its overcoming priorities in Iran}, abstract ={Housing poverty is not merely a single dimensional issue, but it has multi dimensions in Iranian rural society. In this regard, housing poverty and its overcoming priorities in Iranian rural society are investigated in this study applying a multidimensional approach to housing poverty. In this context, various qualitative housing indicators, poverty indexes and ranking technique by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were applied to Iranian rural households’ survey data published by the Iranian Statistical Center in 2008 and include economic and demographic information on 19707 households. Results indicate that housing poverty is predominated on the majority (99.980%) of rural households. The most coverage of housing poverty in the Iranian rural society is related to safety dimension (99.812%). Then, utilities and equipments dimension and sewerage system dimension are located and finally, density dimension has the lowest proportion of headcount ratio (12.919%). According to this, insecurity is approximately an epidemic phenomenon among rural households. The poverty gap index indicated that the depth and quality of housing poverty is such that on average the rural households deprive from accessing to almost two-fifth of housing indicators. The poverty gap index in the field of housing security dimension is equal to 83.906%. It shows that the level of accomplished attempts to provide housing security in Iranian rural society is very slight. The rate of poverty gap in utilities and equipments dimension (5.599%) indicates that the depth of housing poverty in this housing dimension is very low, so that rural households have, on average, about 95% of housing furniture and facilities. Therefore, it can be inferred that although based on headcount ratio, the vast majority of rural households (85.934%) do not have completely access to furniture and housing facilities, but based on the poverty gap ratio, the effort of households is on their access to this collection of housing furniture and facilities to reach the highest possible level. The depth of this depriving based on poverty gap index is such that rural households, on average, are excluded from about a quarter of facilities of sewerage system. In the field of density dimension, the poverty gap index is equal to the headcount ratio. So, it can be found that the limitation amount of residential space in rural households is equal to one room per each residential unit, on average. Finally, based on the findings, providing physical security and housing insurance, improving residential density, and providing water network for rural households are the most important strategies to capture housing poverty in these areas}, Keywords = {housing, multidimensional poverty approach, Qualitative indicators, rural household, Iran}, volume = {31}, Number = {140}, pages = {101-115}, publisher = {Natural Disasters Research Institute}, url = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-552-en.html}, eprint = {http://jhre.ir/article-1-552-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Housing and Rural Environment}, issn = {2008-4994}, eissn = {1588-2615}, year = {2013} }