Journal of Housing and Rural Environment
مسکن و محیط روستا
JHRE
Art & Architecture
http://jhre.ir
1
admin
2008-4994
1588-2615
8
10.22034
14
fa
jalali
1399
6
1
gregorian
2020
9
1
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170
online
1
fulltext
fa
تبیین ارتباط فرمشهری با تابآوری در برابر سوانح در سطح محلات کلانشهر تهران
Analyzing Relationship between Urban Form and Disaster Resilience at Tehran Metropolis Neighborhoods
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درک فرمشهری تابآور بسیار مهم و ضروری است زیرا در فرایند برنامهریزی شهری، مصرف منابع، پویایی و حتی حیات شهر پس از مواجهه با سانحه تحت تأثیر تصمیمات پیشین در زمینه ساختار کالبدی شهرها است. فرمشهری بهعنوان ساختار شهر بر فروپاشی و یا پایایی سیستم شهری در برابر سوانح میتواند تأثیر بگذارد. ازسویدیگر، فرمشهری بهمثابه نمود فضایی و کالبدی فعالیتهای انسانی، بستر و زمینهای برای ابعاد مختلف اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیستمحیطی تابآوری است. با وجود تأثیر فرمشهری بر تاب</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‏آوری</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، فرمشهری تابآور همچنان بهعنوان یک موضوع اکتشافنشده تابآوری شهری است. در این پژوهش با تکیه بر ویژگیهای شهر تابآور، ویژگیهای فرم تابآور همچون استحکام، تنوع، ارتباطی، کارآمدی، افزونگی و مدولاریتی معرفی شدهاست. سپس با هدف شناسایی مؤلفههای فرمشهری که ویژگی تابآوری را دارند، ارتباط معنیدار شاخصها و مؤلفههای فرمشهری با تابآوری و ابعاد آن تبیین شدهاست. برای این کار، در این پژوهش با انتخاب محلات کلانشهر تهران بهعنوان محدوده موردمطالعه (۳۶۸ محله)، پس از تعیین و سنجش ابعاد تابآوری و مؤلفههای فرمشهری با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی، از تحلیل رگراسیونی جهت تبیین ارتباط میان مؤلفههای فرمشهری و تابآوری و ابعاد آن استفاده شدهاست. نتایج حاکی از آن است که مؤلفههای مختلف فرمشهری بر عوامل مختلف تابآوری تأثیر متفاوت گذاشته و در برخی موارد، رفتار متضادی بر مؤلفههای تابآوری داشتهاند. در میان ابعاد تابآوری، تابآوری جامعهای هیچ تأثیری از مؤلفههای فرمشهری نمیگیرد. بیشترین ارتباط میان مؤلفه متراکم بودن با تابآوری زیرساختی مشاهده شدهاست.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بعد اجتماعی و تابآوری کل بیشترین ارتباط را با مؤلفه دسترسی به قطعات داشتهاند. درمجموع ارتباط مستقیم مؤلفههای دسترسی به حملونقل عمومی و دسترسی به قطعات و ارتباط معکوس مؤلفههای دسترسی به مراکز تجاری و میزان فضای باز و سبز با تابآوری و ابعاد آن، نشان از تأثیر مؤلفههای فرمشهری بر افزایش یا کاهش تابآوری در برابر سوانح دارد.</span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;">While it has been only two decades since resilience as a concept entered the field of urban planning, there has been an increasing interests and a wide range of studies surrounding the issue in this short span of time. Considering this fact, surprisingly a few passionate endeavors have attempted to assess "urban resilient form" as the subject, while urban form as the structure of the city can directly influence its collapse or resistance in facing the disasters. In fact, variation in the form of a city can have a negative or positive influence on its resilience. Moreover, urban form as the spatial and physical embodiment of social and economic interactions of cities is the context of various social, economic, and environmental aspects of resilience. So it is a bit of a surprise that despite this undeniable influence of urban form on resilience, their relationship has not been thoroughly explored. Thus, by considering the features of resilient city this research has attempted to embark on redefining the urban structure from the resilient point of view and determined certain characteristics of 'urban resilient form' such as robustness, connectivity, redundancy, modularity, diversity and efficiency. Then, for obtaining the qualities of resilient urban form, it is tried to analyze a meaningful relationship between the indicators and factors of urban form and the extent of resilience, in order to specify urban resilient form together with the contributing factors affecting its resilience. Multi-dimensional urban form and resilience together with the impact of the scale on the components and parameters make it necessary to investigate the phenomenon and their relationship in a specific scale.<br>
This research takes neighborhoods’ scale to look at its case study, Tehran metropolitan area, in order to assess its resilience in the face of disasters, in addition to specify the modifier indicators of urban form in the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolitan city and examine the relationship between the components of the urban form and resilience. For achieving the aim of the study, initially the indicators and the scale of resilience in 368 neighborhoods have been evaluated to access the relation between the urban form and resilience scale. It benefits assessable indicators suggested by three resilience assessment approaches; CDRI, CRI, and BRIC, in the scale of neighborhood units. By taking the advantage of exploratory factors analysis, four domains of infrastructure, economic performance and community have been specified and then according the points which the factors obtained, the resilient degree of the neighborhoods were specified. Furthermore, the collection of six factors including denseness, green and vacant area accessibility, non-permeability, retail accessibility, components and transit accessibility along with 22 indicators are introduced as factors and indicators for urban form in the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolitan city.<br>
Finally, for obtaining the main goal of study which is illuminating the relation between urban form and resilience indicators in the neighborhoods of Tehran metropolitan city, linear regression analysis has been applied. The results of this analysis show that different urban form components have various and even contrasting influences on resilience. The strongest relationship can be found between infrastructure resilience and density, as the main component of urban form. The economic performance aspect is also, like infrastructure resilience feature, has been most positively influenced by density factor. Among all of urban form factors, accessibility to components has the most powerful bond with social aspect and the whole resilient composite index. Community resilience is not influenced by urban form components at all and there is no relationship between them whatsoever. There is a direct relationship between accessibility to public transportation and components availability with resilience. On the other hand, factors such as accessibility to business centers and the amount of open and green spaces have a reverse relationship with it. Overall, the influence of urban form components on increasing and decreasing the degree of resilience can clearly be demonstrated. However, the results of the effects of urban form components on resilience pose challenges for future studies. Economic performance dimension aside, these challenges include the negative impact of the density component on social resilience, the negative impact of the permeability component on infrastructure resilience and the negative impact of access to business centers on the dimensions of resilience. </span><span dir="RTL"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"> </span></div>
تابآوری, فرمشهری, فرمشهری تابآور, تحلیل رگراسیونی, کلانشهر تهران.
Disaster Resilience, Urban Form, Resilient Urban Form, Regression Analysis, Tehran Metropolis
15
28
http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4689-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
ESfandiar
Zebardast
اسفندیار
زبردست
100319475328460016404
100319475328460016404
No
Tehran University Professor, Urban Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
دانشکده پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران
Mohammad mehdi
Azizi
محمدمهدی
عزیزی
100319475328460016405
100319475328460016405
No
Tehran University Professor, Urban Planning Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
دانشکده پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران
Elnaz
baghernejhad
الناز
باقرنژاد
e_baghernejhad@ut.ac.it
100319475328460016406
100319475328460016406
Yes
Ph.D. in Urban Planning, Urban Planning Faculty, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
دکترای شهرسازی، دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران