Journal of Housing and Rural Environment

fa واکاوی پیامدهای ناشی از جابه‌جایی سکونتگاهی: مطالعه‌ای قوم‌نگارانه در روستاهای لرینی علیا و سفلی Analysis of Resettlement Consequences: An Ethnography in Lerini Olya and Lerini Sofla Villages محیط کالبدی محیط کالبدی پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">تغییر مکان روستا که به جابه‌جایی معروف است غالباً با هدف استقرار ساکنین پهنههای پرخطر در نقاطی امن و با رویکرد بهبود وضعیت مردم صورت میپذیرد. مداخله در ساختار موجود از جمله جابه‌جایی سکونتگاه، با پیامدهایی برای ذینفعان آن همراه است که میتواند زندگی مردم را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. شناخت و تحلیل این پیامدها برای جابه‌جایی‌های بعدی و مدیریت این تغییر مکان ضروری است. بررسی این پیامدها به‌ویژه در طرح‌هایی که با موفقیت کمتری روبرو بوده‌اند برای درس گرفتن از آن اهمیت بیشتری دارد. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل پیامدهای ناشی از جابه‌جایی‌هایی که موفقیت کمتری داشته به اجرا درآمد. مطالعه با رویکردی کیفی و با استفاده از روششناسی قومنگاری انتقادی انجام شد. رویکرد انتقادی بر این موضوع تأکید دارد که ممکن است جابه‌جایی روستاهای مورد مطالعه تابع خواست و اراده نظام برنامهریزی باشد اما نوع برداشت و ادراک ذینفعان اصلی یعنی مردم روستا، در تشدید و تقلیل پیامدهای این فرایند نقش اساسی دارد. دادههای میدانی با استفاده از تکنیک مصاحبه نیمهساختار یافته فردی و مشاهده مشارکتی در محدوده روستا و ساکنین آن با استفاده از نمونهگیری هدفمند و تا نیل به اشباع نظری جمع‌آوری شد. دادهها از طریق کدگذاری و مفهومسازی استخراج و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که فرایند جابه‌جایی به‌دلیل مکانیابی نامناسب موفقیت چندانی کسب نکرده و پیامدهای نامطلوب فیزیکی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی به جای گذاشته است. نگاه کالبدی – فیزیکی به جابه‌جایی، آن هم به‌صورت ناقص، افزایش بدهکاری به‌دلیل هزینههای زیاد برای آماده‌سازی قطعات مسکونی، رها شدن قطعات تفکیکی و نیمهساز و کاهش صمیمیت بین اهالی به‌دلیل وجود فاصله در بین قطعات از جمله پیامدهای شناسایی شده از سوی مردم در این جابه‌جایی میباشد. بنابراین مطالعه پیشنهاد می‌کند جابه‌جایی فقط در شرایط خاص انجام شده و در این صورت نیز با اقدامات ترویجی، جابه‌جایی به خواست مردم تبدیل شود تا مردم درک شفافی از موضوع پیدا کنند.    </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The main purpose of displacement plan is to dwell the residents of high-risk areas into the safe regions with the aim of improving their economic, physical, social, and environmental situations. These plans often have desirable and undesirable consequences that affect the target groups. Examining these consequences is especially important in the less successful projects based on the idea of learning-from-the-past. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the displacement consequences in Lerini Olya and Lerini Sofla villages in Iran. This qualitative study employed the critical ethnographic methodology. The critical approach in the study emphasizes that the residential displacement in Lerini village may have done subject to the will of the authorities’ planning system. The population of the study was consisted of the residents of Lerini Olya and Lerini Sofla villages who have experienced the resettlement. Data were gathered by individual semi-structured interviews technique and participant observation and were collected through purposive sampling to reach theoretical saturation and after that were analyzed through coding and conceptualization. The results revealed that the resettlement process was not successful because of the undesirable locating that in turn had led to the undesirable economic, physical, social and environmental consequences. The steep slope has led to the increased construction costs increasing villagers' debts due to reliance on building mortgages and bank loans and uncompleted houses has made financial and economic issues more important than displacement itself. Decrease of intimacy among the residents due to the distance between houses, difficulties of access to the agricultural lands and concerns about product protection in the villagers' remarks was the other issues among the many. Also, the lack of standards in the size of the residential units for animal livestock led to the livestock slums in the corners of the dwellings and in some cases led to the sale of livestock and migration. The results of the study showed that the displacement was due to function of two categories. The first and the main category was the difficulty of construction and the development constraints in the previous place. The second cause was based on the people will to shift. So the main cause of the displacement was natural. But the participants believed that their demands did not affect the resettlement plan and it was carried out without regarding stockholders’ desire. Planning from top to down and the lack of people's participation in the process of displacement provided negative and challenging perceptions and prevented the proper implementation of the policy. A different understanding of needs and a heterogeneous interpretation of concepts are other important issues that can have adverse effects in displacement. Generally, the economic and social consequences of the resettlement in this village have been caused by the physical consequences. The perceived consequences of settlement displacement by stakeholders are different from what is expected from the plan and mentioned for its purposes. In this study, the perceptions and understandings of the rural residents as the main stakeholders of the project was focused. The results showed that there is a gap between the people expectations of displacement and what authorities have had implemented. The failure to meet people expectations from displacement has had a negative effect on the whole process. But the most positive consequences identified by the stakeholders were of the physical outcomes which have often been subjected to a physical-spatial subsystem, and the negative consequences have been perceived in the economic and social subsystem. This means that in rural displacement, intervention in the physical system can have implications for social and economic systems that the authorities cannot ignore. Ignoring of these sub-systems provides grounds for a dysfunctional occurrence in the whole system and a negative impact on its total performance. Therefore, the study suggests that displacement must only be carried out in certain circumstances, and in this case, by means of promotional measures, the displacement will be turned to the will of the people so that people will find a clear understanding of the issue.</div> جابه‌جایی سکونتگاهی, قوم نگاری انتقادی, پیامدهای اقتصادی, پیامدهای اجتماعی, روستای لرینی. Displacement, Relocation, Critical Ethnography, Economic Consequences, Social Consequences, Lerini village. 27 40 http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2657-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Rasool Lavaei Adaryani رسول لوایی آدریانی 100319475328460016536 100319475328460016536 No Ph.D. Student of Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Iran دانشجوی دکترای توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران Iraj Ghasemi ایرج قاسمی i_ghasemi@ut.ac.ir 100319475328460016537 100319475328460016537 Yes Assistant Professor in Institute of Humanity and Social Science ACECR عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاد دانشگاهی Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani محمدعلی محمدی قره‌قانی 100319475328460016538 100319475328460016538 No Assistant Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت رفاه اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران Seyed Alireza Noorbakhsh Jafari سیدعلیرضا نوربخش جعفری 100319475328460016539 100319475328460016539 No MS. C Student of Forestry, University of Tehran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته جنگلداری