fa کیفیت انعطاف‌پذیری در سنت معماری ایرانی الگوی اتاق شکم‌دریده در خانه ایرانی (مطالعه موردی: خانه لاری‌های یزد) معماری معماری پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خانواده در فرهنگ انسانی اولین و اصیل</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترین نهاد اجتماعی است که برای کارکرد بهینه نیازمند آرامش می باشد. همچنین وجوه فردی آرامش نیز به‌عنوان یک نیاز روانی برای هـر انسان، روشن و مورد انتظار از فضـای خانه است. تنظیم&nbsp; رابطه انسان، طبیعت و معماری از اصلی‌ترین عوامل</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تعیین کننده در دستیابی به آرامش می باشد.</span></span><br> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قابلیت تنظیم رابطه مذکور در چارچوب یک محیط ساخته شده به انعطاف‌پذیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به‌عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فضا بستگی دارد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیت (انعطاف‌پذیری) به‌عنوان یکی از سنن معماری ایرانی-اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غالب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فضاهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری ایرانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دوره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شناسایی است،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">وجهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امروز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کمتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می&shy;شود. ‌مطالعه نگارندگان بر روی اتاق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شکم‌دریده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بسیاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از خانه‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایرانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متعلق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طبقه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اعیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده، نشان می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دهد که این فضا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصادیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انعطاف‌پذیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری به‌شمار می‌رود.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درجه انعطاف‌پذیری این فضا به‌حدی است که شاید بتوان آن‌را یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از ابداعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایرانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به‌شمار آورد. در این مقاله چگونگی کارکرد انعطاف‌پذیری فضا در اتاق شکم‌دریده تبیین گردیده و در نهایت در مورد نسبت بین کیفیت انعطاف‌پذیری و فضای مجرد معماری نتیجه‌گیری شده است. </span></span><br> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حاضر،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توصیفی- تحلیلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر‌اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حاصل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکتوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصور و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پیمایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محیطی(شناخت کالبد فضا و مصاحبه با استفاده‌کنندگان از این فضا در گذشته)،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ابتدا عناصر و جزییات سازنده فضا شناسایی می‌شود و سپس به‌منظور تبیین کیفیت&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">الگوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فضایی (‌با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسمیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شناختن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تنوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن‌)،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تنظیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رابطه </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سه‌گانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انسان-طبیعت-کالبد، مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحلیل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می‌گیرد.</span></span><br> <br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The first and most original social institution in human culture is family and the house as an action and reactions container in relation to one&rsquo;s own family and others has a major and great significance.<br> According to the&nbsp; integral role of family and dwelling unit in Iranian culture, particular characteristics of house has been also emphasized in Islam among which&nbsp; are inner calm and serenity. Family needs peace in order to function efficiently. The importance of individual aspects of such inner calm as a psychological need is obvious and expected for everyone who lives in the house. Therefore, houses should have a correspondent quality to basic needs of residents in both individual and social scale. An indigenous order in the relationship among human, nature and architecture is the main determining factors in achieving such inner calm.<br> The ability to generate the aforementioned relationship in the framework of built environment depends on architectural affordance as one of the qualities of space. This quality as one of the innate Iranian-Islamic architectural traditions could be traced historically while it seems to be less considered in modern architecture.<br> This study, on &lsquo;Shekam Darideh&rsquo; room types as common space in most upper-class residences exhibits such spatial affordance. The functional flexibility and diverse perceptual qualities of Shekam Darideh makes it as an outstanding contribution of Iranian architecture within the Islamic architecture heritage.<br> In this study, the architectural qualities of Shekam Darideh room and the way it affects the temporal mood of space would be discussed. As a hypothesis, it will be proposed that the form of plan (cross or rood) acts as a moderator element in regulating man-man, man&ndash;nature relationships and consequently creates numerous combination of mass and space as well as forming its decorative patterns and spatial flexibility.<br> This study applies a descriptive and analytical research method. According to the knowledge obtained from literature reviews and visual resources. The review includes several architectural theorists namely Jon Lang, Robert Venturi, Herman Herzberger, Ian Bentley, Peter et al, Amos Rapoport, Schneider, Tatjana, Gerard Maccreanor, Jorg Kurt Grutter, John Habraken , Edward T Hall. Ultimately, the theoretical approach by Alireza Einifar on &lsquo;spatial transition&rsquo; with respect to changes in circumstances was taken as an analytical model. The model was then employed in environmental surveys to figure out its constructive elements and specifics of space.<br> &nbsp;</div> آرامش, انعطاف‌پذیری, تنظیم رابطه, شکم‌دریده. Inner Calm, Affordance, Relationship Regulation, Shekam Darideh. 119 132 http://jhre.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2996-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Reza Shakouri رضا شکوری 10031947532846009567 10031947532846009567 No Assistant Professor, Department of Art & Architecture of Yazd University دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه یزد Sama Seyyed-Khamoushi سماءالسادات سید خاموشی s.khamooshi@yahoo.com 10031947532846009568 10031947532846009568 Yes M.A. Candidate, Department of Art & Architecture of Yazd Universityy دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه یزد